The Roman education system emphasized the importance of literacy and numeracy, laying the foundation for modern educational practices that prioritize these skills.
Roman schools introduced the concept of a structured curriculum, with subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy, which influenced the development of modern academic disciplines.

One contribution of Roman education in modern education is the goal of preparing children for the adult world. Other contributions are a formal education system, higher learning, the Socratic method of teaching, and school holidays.

The most obvious contributions of Ancient Greece to modern education would be from the Classical Period, and most especially influential in philosophy and rhetoric. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Isocrates are famous examples of philosophical teachers who helped to shape the future of education.